Few childhood illnesses have a more memorable name—or a more alarming appearance—than hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).
The good news? Although it can look uncomfortable, HFMD is usually a mild illness that gets better on its own.
What is hand, foot, and mouth disease?
HFMD is caused by a group of viruses called enteroviruses, most commonly coxsackieviruses. It is especially common in young children and spreads easily through schools and daycare.
It usually starts with symptoms such as:
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Decreased appetite
- Tiredness or irritability
Within a day or two, painful small sores may develop in the mouth, followed by small red spots or blisters on the hands and feet. The rash can also appear on the legs, arms, buttocks, or around the mouth.
What can parents do?
There is no specific antibiotic treatment for HFMD because it is caused by a virus.
The most important thing is keeping your child comfortable and well hydrated.
Try:
- Plenty of cool fluids
- Soft foods that are easier to swallow
- Popsicles or other cold treats
- Appropriate fever or pain medication when needed
- Extra rest
Avoid acidic or spicy foods, which can make mouth sores more painful.
The biggest concern: dehydration
The mouth sores can make drinking painful, especially in younger children. Watch for signs of dehydration, including:
- Significantly decreased urination
- Dry mouth
- Few or no tears when crying
- Unusual sleepiness or weakness
- Refusing most fluids
If your child is barely drinking or you’re concerned about dehydration, contact your pediatrician.
How contagious is it?
Very contagious! The virus spreads through respiratory secretions, saliva, fluid from blisters, and stool.
Children are generally most contagious during the first week of illness, but they can continue to spread the virus for days or weeks after they feel better.
Good hand washing—especially after diaper changes and using the bathroom—is one of the best ways to reduce spread.
Your child’s school or daycare may have specific rules about when they can return.
When should I call the pediatrician?
Most cases are straightforward, but call if your child:
- Is not drinking well
- Has signs of dehydration
- Has a persistent or unusually high fever
- Seems very ill or unusually sleepy
- Has severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, or other unusual symptoms
- Is getting worse instead of gradually improving
The bottom line
Hand, foot, and mouth disease can look much worse than it actually is. Most children feel better within 3-5 days, but the lesions can linger up to 2 weeks.
With each successive exposure the illness is less severe. Adults will get the virus and will often just have a sore throat.
Keep your child comfortable, encourage fluids, wash those hands, and give the illness time to run its course.
And remember: the spots may be dramatic, but it’s how your child feels and behaves that matters most.
